Selenium

Selenium is a naturally occurring trace element that can be located in water sources, primarily through the leaching of selenium containing minerals in the surrounding soil and rock. The presence of selenium in water can vary depending on geological conditions and human activities such as mining and agricultural runoff. In minor amounts, selenium is an essential nutrient for humans and animals, playing a role in various biological process and is necessary for proper functioning of the immune system, thyroid function and antioxidant defence. Excessive levels of selenium in drinking water can pose health risks as high-level exposure over time has been associated with adverse effects of human health, including hair and nail loss, skin irritation, gastrointestinal issues, and neurological problems. Selenium toxicity can occur when consuming water with significantly elevated selenium concentrations, which is more common in specific geological regions. Water treatment methods such as activated carbon filtration, ion exchange, or reverse osmosis can be effective in reducing or removing elevated selenium in water if required. It is important to note that permissible selenium concentration in drinking water varies by country and regulatory standards and by monitoring and adhering to the guidelines provided by local health authorities is crucial in ensuring the safety of drinking water and minimizing potential health risks associated with selenium exposure.