Pollutants in the water refer to any substance or material that are present in the water at a concentration that is harmful to human health or the environment, that includes chemicals, bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, fertilizers, pesticides and other substances. Pollutants can come from many different sources, including industrial and agricultural activities, urban and residential runoff, and sewage treatment plants. Being known to have harmful effects on aquatic life, disrupt ecosystems, and pose health risks to humans who drink or come into contact with polluted water sources. Effective treatments and management of pollutants in water are essential to protect both human health and the environment.