Microbial Contamination In Water

Microbial contamination in water refers to the presence of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and algae, that can pose health risks to humans and animals. The quality of water is crucial for public health, and microbial contaminants can cause waterborne diseases. Most commonly known sources of microbial contamination are faecal matter from humans and animals as contaminated water can result from inadequate sewage treatment or improper disposal of waste. Water runoff from agricultural areas can carry faecal matter from animals, as well as agricultural chemicals and pathogens from manure, as other sources stem from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs, impacting the safety of drinking water. Microbial contaminants in water can lead to illnesses such as diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps and nausea and in some cases, waterborne pathogens can cause systemic infections, affecting other organs and systems in the body. Water treatment processes, including filtration, disinfection (chlorination, UV treatment), and sedimentation, are essential for removing or killing microbial contaminants.