Algae

Algae are a known diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms that can be located in various aquatic environments, including freshwater and marine ecosystems. They are a natural component of aquatic ecosystems and pay important roles in nutrient cycling and the food. Algae encompass a wide range of organisms, including single-celled microalgae (phytoplankton), macroalgae (seaweeds), and filamentous algae which come in various colours, including green, brown and red. Known as a primary producer that use photosynthesis to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients into organic matter. Being a fundamental source of energy and oxygen production in aquatic ecosystems, which are found in a variety of aquatic habitats, including lakes, rivers, ponds, oceans and even in moist terrestrial environments. They can be attached to submerged surfaces or suspended in the water column, and under certain conditions, such as increased nutrients levels (eutrophication) and warm temperatures, some algae species can undergo rapid growth and form dense populates known as algal blooms. These blooms can have ecological and environmental impacts, including oxygen depletion, water quality deterioration, and harmful effects on aquatic life. Monitoring and managing algae in water bodies are essential from maintaining water quality, with excessive algal growth, leading to issues such as taste and odour problems in drinking water, clogging of water treatment facilities, and disruptions in aquatic ecosystems.